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Post pics of the fuse links connecting to the alternator and to the starter, as well as pics of the bulkhead connector from the engine compartment. How many 12-gauge red wires enter the bulkhead connector from the engine compartment? There should be two and both should measure B+. Don't be confused by all the little things that don't function correctly at this time. Some may resolve by reestablishing power into the cab through the bulkhead; others are unrelated and can be resolved later. Did you ever check for power into the ignition switch and headlamp switch?
... I'll ... take pictures, check on the red wires entering the bulkhead, and make sure those red wires have B+....