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did they work before you fixed the starter?
Replace the tail lamp fuse and check for power on the yellow wire at the dimmer switch.
The fuse that's blown. Tail lamps should take a yellow (20-amp) fuse.
I'll revisit the running lamp problem in awhile. But, in the meantime, that "mess" (your word) with its bare, cobbled wiring needs to cleaned up to avert the potential for catastrophic electrical fire. The socket you are holding maybe the 4WD indicator in the cluster.
Use a test light clipped to a good ground and probe the red wire at the headlamp switch. If it's dead, recheck the wire connections to the starter. You probably didn't reconnect one of the fusible links to the 3/8" battery cable stud on the solenoid or one of the links is melted. Two fusible links should connect to the solenoid 3/8" stud along with the battery cable. Give both links a tug to see if they stretch or separate.