Vortec didn't start till 88, fitting vortec heads on an older block requires swapping the intake as well as the heads, and sometimes shaving the deck to match heights.
82 camaro heads should fit on your 283 but you need figure out what you want out of the engine. In 82 there was a lot of concern over emissions, so even the 305 HO engine heads had small valves and large combustion chambers (the opposite of what you typically want for good torque). I had an 84 Camaro and the heads were the very restrictive on the engine.